This report discusses how Augmented Reality (AR) technology emerged as a new technology in the history of human science and technology. The general increase in global human purchasing power and the popularity of virtual technology are the two most important reasons why AR technology can rapidly emerge in today’s society. The central part of this article concretely illustrates the scientific application and development prospects of AR technology in three different areas. Similarly, the strengths and weaknesses of Augmented Reality technology have yet to be compared with virtual reality (VR) technology. Enhanced display output characteristics make AR technology in medical research and anatomy training, precision instrument manufacturing and maintenance, military aircraft navigation, engineering design and remote robot control and other fields, has more obvious advantages than VR technology. Finally, the report analyzes the role that AR technology can play in other areas and space for future development and discusses some possible disadvantages.