Postmodernism erahas been characterized by many techniques, each one of them have its own rules and functions.

However, the following are the most important features that have been used by the figures of postmodernism.PastichePastiche is one of the most popular technique in postmodern literature , many postmodern authors applied this technique in their writing .Pastiche is the combination of different styles or genres in one literary work.Related to postmodern intersexuality, pastiche means to combine, or “paste” together, multiple elements. In Postmodernist literature, many postmodern authors combined, or “pasted” elements of previous genres and styles of literature to create a new narrative voice, or to comment on the writing of their contemporaries.(“What is postmodernism”)IntertexualityIntertexuality is a technique related to the postmodernism period, postmodern poets use intersexuality in their literary work in order to combine texts or to shape the meaning of the text to another one. Intertexuality is a technique emerged by the poststructuralist Julia Kristeva in 1966.

Intertextuality tends to build a connection between texts and links the literary works.Intertexuality is the shaping of texts’ meanings by other texts. It can include an author’s borrowing and transformation of a prior text or to a reader’s referencing of one text in reading another. The term “intersexuality” has, itself, been borrowed and transformed many times since it was coined by poststructuralist Julia Kristeva in 1966(“Intertextuality-Characteristics”).The poet John Donne once wrote that “no man is an island,” and for postmodernists, no text is an island.

Postmodernism is all about the connections between texts, including the various ways in which one text references another (or many others). There are all kinds of techniques that authors can use in order to highlight these links, including pastiche, parody, quotes, and direct references, as well as subtler nods to other material. What these techniques have in common is that they’re examples of intertextuality(“Intertextuality-Characteristics”).MetafictionPostmodern poets adapted feature metafictionin their literary works, which is the awareness of the reader of its fictionality, postmodern poets use this feature in order to jump in time , or to make a successful shift in narrative.Many postmodern authors feature metafiction in their writing, which, essentially, is writing about writing, an attempt to make the reader aware of its fictionality, and, sometimes, the presence of the author.

Authors sometimes use this technique to allow for flagrant shifts in narrative, impossible jumps in time, or to maintain emotional distance as a narrator(“What is postmodernism”).